Sleep Apnea
Sleep apnea is a potentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep. People with sleep apnea experience reductions or pauses in breathing for brief periods, leading to disrupted sleep quality. While some individuals are aware of these interruptions, many remain unaware that their nighttime breathing is abnormal. There are two main types of sleep apnea:
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): In OSA, the airway at the back of the throat becomes constricted or blocked during sleep, often causing loud snoring. Individuals with OSA may wake up frequently due to airway obstruction, gasping, or choking.
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Central Sleep Apnea (CSA): CSA involves disruptions in communication between the brain and the muscles controlling breathing. Breathing interruptions occur due to a lack of coordination between brain signals and respiratory muscles.
Untreated sleep apnea can lead to serious health consequences, including cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, and neurologic complications
Impact of Gene Variants
Research suggests that genetics play a significant role in sleep apnea. Approximately 40% of differences in the number of times people stop breathing (Apnea Hypopnea Index or AHI) during sleep can be attributed to genetic factors. Known clock genes, which regulate circadian rhythms, are among the most affected. These genetic variations influence circadian activity and contribute to the disorder’s physiological impacts
How to Recognize
Recognizing sleep apnea symptoms is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management. Look out for the following signs:
- Loud Snoring: While not everyone with sleep apnea snores, persistent loud snoring can indicate a potential problem.
- Disturbed Sleep: Frequent awakenings, gasping, or choking during the night.
