Sleep Cycle

The sleep cycle is a physiological process that occurs during sleep. It allows the brain and body to perform “housekeeping” functions, such as repairing or growing tissues, removing toxins, and processing memories. Each sleep cycle consists of four stages, with each having varying effects on the body. On average, adults go through 4–6 sleep cycles per night and spend 90 minutes in each sleep cycle stage.

Impact of Gene Variants

Genes influence how fast or slow our internal clock runs and, as a result, how closely it—and our body’s functions—align with the 24-hour day. Changes in these genes, known as mutations, from one generation to the next can affect the clock’s timing. Sleep or lack of sleep affects our “clock genes.” As mentioned previously, these genes are linked to important health factors like the immune system, stress, and chronic disease.

Ways to Recognize Problems

Problems with sleep cycle can be identified through frequent conflicts, having trouble interacting with peers, having several interactions that turn sour, often upset or angry with friends or classmates, aggressive behavior, and missing out on social events.