ZNRF1
Description
The ZNRF1 (zinc and ring finger 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 16.
ZNRF1 is an enzyme encoded by the ZNRF1 gene in humans. It contains a zinc finger and a RING finger motif, suggesting involvement in ubiquitin-mediated protein modification. ZNRF1 is highly similar to a rat gene that is upregulated in response to nerve damage and is expressed in ganglia and the central nervous system. The protein is localized in the endosome/lysosome compartment.
ZNRF1 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a role in various cellular processes including cell differentiation, receptor recycling, and inflammation regulation. It mediates the ubiquitination of AKT1 and GLUL, contributing to neuron cell differentiation. ZNRF1 is also involved in establishing and maintaining neuronal transmission and plasticity, regulating Schwann cell differentiation through GLUL ubiquitination. Additionally, it promotes neurodegeneration by mediating AKT1 degradation in axons, leading to microtubule destabilization. ZNRF1 ubiquitinates the Na(+)/K(+) ATPase alpha-1 subunit, influencing its endocytosis and degradation. It regulates ligand-induced EGFR signaling by mediating receptor ubiquitination and ESCRT machinery recruitment. ZNRF1 serves as a negative feedback mechanism controlling TLR3 trafficking by mediating TLR3 ubiquitination, reducing type I IFN production. It modulates inflammation by promoting caveolin-1 ubiquitination and degradation, regulating TLR4-activated immune response.
ZNRF1 is also known as NIN283.
