ZGRF1
Description
The ZGRF1 (zinc finger GRF-type containing 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 4.
ZGRF1 is a protein encoded by the ZGRF1 gene, also known as C4orf21, with a molecular weight of 236.6 kDa. It localizes to the cell nucleus and promotes DNA repair by stimulating homologous recombination. ZGRF1 expression is relatively low in most human tissues but is increased in situations of chemical dependence. It is orthologous to nearly all eukaryotes and contains functional domains linked to helicases, particularly the AAA_12 and AAA_11 domains. The entire gene spans 97,663 base pairs and has an unprocessed mRNA of 6,740 nucleotides. It consists of 28 exons encoding a 2104 amino acid protein, with 12 splice variants known. ZGRF1 is located on chromosome 4 at position 4q25, near the LARP7 gene, and is encoded on the minus strand.
ZGRF1 is a 5'-3' DNA helicase that is recruited to sites of DNA damage and promotes repair of replication-blocking DNA lesions through stimulation of homologous recombination (HR). It directly stimulates RAD51-mediated strand exchange activity and promotes recombinational repair after RAD51 recruitment. ZGRF1 also promotes HR by positively regulating EXO1-mediated DNA end resection of double-strand breaks. It is required for recruitment of replication protein RPA2 to DNA damage sites and promotes the initiation of the G2/M checkpoint but not its maintenance. ZGRF1 catalyzes Holliday junction branch migration and dissociation of D-loops and DNA flaps.
ZGRF1 is also known as C4orf21.
