XPO1

Description

The XPO1 (exportin 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 2.

Exportin 1 (XPO1), also known as chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1), is a eukaryotic protein that mediates the nuclear export of various proteins and RNAs. XPO1 (CRM1) originally was identified in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe in a genetic screen, and investigators determined that it was involved in control of the chromosome structure. It was later shown to be the nuclear transport receptor for cargos with leucine-rich nuclear export signals (NES). The structural details of the interaction of XPO1 with its cargos were revealed two decades after the gene was identified. XPO1 mediates NES-dependent protein transport. It exports several hundreds of different proteins from the nucleus. XPO1 is involved in the nuclear export of ribosomal subunits. XPO1 plays a role in export of various RNAs including U snRNAs, rRNAs (as a part of ribosomal subunits), and some mRNAs. XPO1 is involved in various viral infections. For example, it is required for the nuclear export of HIV-1 RNA in complex with the viral protein Rev, an event that is a crucial part of the infection cycle.

XPO1 (Exportin 1) is a nuclear export receptor responsible for transporting various proteins and RNAs out of the nucleus. It recognizes and binds to proteins containing a leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES) in the presence of Ran-GTP. This complex then interacts with nucleoporins, facilitating transport through the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Once in the cytoplasm, the complex disassembles due to Ran-GTP hydrolysis, releasing the cargo. This directional movement is driven by the unequal distribution of Ran-GTP and Ran-GDP between the nucleus and cytoplasm. XPO1 also participates in U3 snoRNA transport from Cajal bodies to nucleoli by binding to late precursor U3 snoRNA with a TMG cap.

XPO1 is also known as CRM-1, CRM1, emb, exp1.

Associated Diseases

WES Whole Exome Sequencing