VPS29
Description
The VPS29 (VPS29 retromer complex component) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 12.
VPS29 is a human gene coding for the vacuolar protein sorting protein Vps29, a component of the retromer complex.
== Yeast homolog == The homologous protein (one that performs the same function) in yeast is Vacuolar protein sorting 29 homolog (S. cerevisiae).
== Function == VPS29 belongs to a group of genes coding for vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) proteins that, when functionally impaired, disrupt the efficient delivery of vacuolar hydrolases. The protein encoded by this gene, Vps29, is a component of a large multimeric complex, termed the retromer complex, which is involved in retrograde transport of proteins from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. Vps29 may be involved in the formation of the inner shell of the retromer coat for retrograde vesicles leaving the prevacuolar compartment. Alternative splice variants encoding different isoforms, and usage of multiple polyadenylation sites have been found for this gene.
VPS29 is a component of the retromer cargo-selective complex (CSC), which plays a crucial role in sorting and trafficking of transmembrane proteins within the cell. The CSC prevents the misrouting of selected cargo proteins to the lysosome for degradation. It is recruited to the endosomal membrane with the help of RAB7A and SNX3. The retromer complex, including VPS29, is involved in retrograde transport of cargo proteins from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and also in recycling these proteins back to the plasma membrane. Different retromer variants, including the SNX-BAR retromer, SNX3-retromer, and SNX27-retromer, mediate distinct transport pathways. The SNX-BAR retromer is responsible for general retrograde transport from endosomes to TGN and recycling to the plasma membrane. The SNX3-retromer is involved in transporting WLS specifically to the TGN. The SNX27-retromer facilitates the recycling of a broader spectrum of cargo proteins back to the plasma membrane. VPS29, as a part of the CSC, serves as a hub for other proteins like the WASH complex and TBC1D5. VPS29 is also required for regulating the transcytosis of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR-pIgA). Besides being part of the retromer complex, VPS29 is also a component of the retriever complex. This complex, related to the CSC, is essential for retromer-independent retrieval and recycling of various cargo proteins, including integrin alpha-5/beta-1 (ITGA5:ITGB1). The retriever complex specifically retrieves and recycles NxxY-motif-containing cargo proteins by binding to SNX17. This process is crucial for maintaining the stability of various cell surface proteins involved in processes such as cell migration, adhesion, nutrient uptake, and signaling. The retriever complex is recruited to the endosomal membrane with the help of the CCC and WASH complexes. VPS29 is also involved in the trafficking of GLUT1 from endosomes to the plasma membrane, a process that requires its association with ANKRD27.
VPS29 is also known as DC15, DC7, PEP11.
