TRAM1
Description
The TRAM1 (translocation associated membrane protein 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 8.
TRAM1 is involved in the translocation of nascent protein chains into or through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane by facilitating the proper chain positioning at the SEC61 channel. It regulates the exposure of nascent secretory protein chain to the cytosol during translocation into the ER. TRAM1 may affect the phospholipid bilayer in the vicinity of the lateral gate of the SEC61 channel, thereby facilitating ER protein transport. TRAM1 intimately associates with transmembrane (TM) domain of nascent membrane proteins during the entire integration process into the ER membrane. It associates with the second TM domain of G-protein-coupled receptor opsin/OPSD nascent chain in the ER membrane, which may facilitate its integration into the membrane. Under conditions of ER stress, TRAM1 participates in the disposal of misfolded ER membrane proteins during the unfolded protein response (UPR), an integrated stress response (ISR) pathway, by selectively retrotranslocating misfolded ER-membrane proteins from the ER into the cytosol where they are ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome.
TRAM1 is also known as PNAS8, TRAM, TRAMP.
