TLR5
Description
The TLR5 (toll like receptor 5) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
Toll-like receptor 5, also known as TLR5, is a protein encoded by the TLR5 gene in humans. It belongs to the toll-like receptor (TLR) family and is known to recognize bacterial flagellin from invading mobile bacteria. TLR5 is implicated in various diseases, including Inflammatory bowel disease due to its high expression in intestinal lamina propria dendritic cells. Recent studies suggest that TLR5 dysfunction is linked to rheumatoid arthritis, osteoclastogenesis, and bone loss. Abnormal TLR5 functioning is also associated with the onset of gastric, cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. The TLR family plays a crucial role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved across species and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) expressed on infectious agents and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for effective immunity. Different TLRs exhibit distinct patterns of expression.
TLR5 is a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) located on the cell surface. It plays a key role in activating innate immunity and the inflammatory response. It recognizes small molecular motifs known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) expressed by pathogens and microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) usually expressed by resident microbiota. Upon binding to ligands like bacterial flagellins, TLR5 recruits intracellular adapter proteins MYD88 and TRIF, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion, and induction of the inflammatory response. TLR5 is involved in the relationship between the intestinal epithelium and enteric microbes, contributing to the gut microbiota composition throughout life.
TLR5 is also known as MELIOS, SLE1, SLEB1, TIL3.
