TIMP1
Description
The TIMP1 (TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome X.
TIMP1, also known as TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1, is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 28 kDa that is expressed in several tissues. It is a member of the TIMP family and is a natural inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a group of peptidases involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix. While TIMP1 inhibits most known MMPs, it can also promote cell proliferation in various cell types and may have an anti-apoptotic function. TIMP1 regulates MMPs and disintegrin-metalloproteinases (ADAMs and ADAMTSs), playing a crucial role in extracellular matrix composition, wound healing, and pregnancy. Dysregulation of TIMP1 activity has been linked to cancer. In pregnancy, TIMP1 regulates implantation, specifically the cytotrophoblast invasion of the uterine endometrium, and plays a role in regulating the transcriptional profile of fetal and placental tissues during the early stages of pregnancy.
TIMP1 is a metalloproteinase inhibitor that forms one-to-one complexes with target metalloproteinases, including collagenases, and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor. It acts on MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, MMP8, MMP9, MMP10, MMP11, MMP12, MMP13, and MMP16, but does not act on MMP14. TIMP1 also functions as a growth factor, regulating cell differentiation, migration, and cell death. It activates cellular signaling cascades via CD63 and ITGB1 and plays a role in integrin signaling. TIMP1 mediates erythropoiesis in vitro, specifically stimulating the growth and differentiation of human and murine erythroid progenitors. It interacts with MMP1, MMP3, MMP10, and MMP13, but has only very low affinity for MMP14. TIMP1 interacts with CD63 and has been identified in a complex with CD63 and ITGB1.
TIMP1 is also known as CLGI, EPA, EPO, HCI, TIMP, TIMP-1.
