STAT5A
Description
The STAT5A (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 17.
STAT5A is a protein encoded by the STAT5A gene in humans. It belongs to the STAT family of transcription factors and shares six functional domains with other STAT members. These domains include an N-terminal domain, coiled-coil domain, DNA binding domain, linker domain, Src Homology 2 domain, and transcriptional activation domain. STAT5A is 96% similar to its homolog, STAT5B, and contains 20 unique amino acids in its C-terminal domain. Specific amino acids within STAT5A, such as tyrosine 694 and threonine 92, play crucial roles in its function. Phosphorylation of tyrosine 694 and glycosylation of threonine 92 are important for STAT5A activity. Mutation of serine 710 to phenylalanine leads to constitutive activation. STAT5A is activated by various cell ligands, including IL2, IL3, IL7, GM-CSF, erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, and growth hormones. Upon activation, STAT5A forms homo- or heterodimers and translocates to the nucleus, where it acts as a transcription activator.
STAT5A plays a crucial role in cellular responses to various signals, including the cytokine KITLG/SCF and other growth factors. It also mediates responses to ERBB4 and may be involved in responses to activated FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGFR4. STAT5A binds to the GAS element and activates transcription in response to prolactin (PRL), regulating the expression of milk proteins during lactation.
STAT5A is also known as MGF, STAT5.
