SSTR2
Description
The SSTR2 (somatostatin receptor 2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 17.
Somatostatin receptor type 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSTR2 gene. The SSTR2 gene is located on chromosome 17 on the long arm in position 25.1 in humans. It is also found in most other vertebrates. The somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), which belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor family, is a protein which is most highly expressed in the pancreas (both alpha- and beta-cells), but also in other tissues such as the cerebrum and kidney and in lower amount in the jejunum, colon and liver. In the pancreas, after binding to somatostatin, it inhibits the secretion of peptide hormones from pancreatic islets. During development, it stimulates neuronal migration and axon outgrowth. The somatostatin receptor 2 is expressed in most tumors. Patients with neuroendocrine tumors that over-express the somatostatin receptor 2 have an improved prognosis. The over expression of SSTR2 in tumors can be exploited to selectively deliver radio-peptides to tumors to either detect or destroy them. Somatostatin receptor 2 also has the ability to stimulate apoptosis in many cells including cancer cells.
SSTR2, also known as somatostatin receptor type 2, is a receptor for somatostatin-14 and -28. It is coupled to the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase through pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins. Additionally, it stimulates phosphotyrosine phosphatase and PLC via both pertussis toxin-sensitive and -insensitive G proteins. SSTR2 inhibits calcium entry by suppressing voltage-dependent calcium channels. It acts as the primary somatostatin receptor in pancreatic alpha- and beta-cells, mediating the inhibitory effect of somatostatin-14 on hormone secretion. SSTR2 inhibits cell growth by enhancing MAPK1 and MAPK2 phosphorylation and subsequently upregulating CDKN1B. It stimulates neuronal migration and axon outgrowth and may contribute to neuron development and maturation during brain development. SSTR2 negatively regulates insulin receptor signaling through PTPN6. It inactivates SSTR3 receptor function upon heterodimerization.
SSTR2 is also known as SST2.
