SNX2
Description
The SNX2 (sorting nexin 2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 5.
SNX2 (Sorting Nexin 2) is a protein encoded by the SNX2 gene in humans. It belongs to the sorting nexin family, which is characterized by the presence of a phox (PX) domain, a region that binds to phosphoinositides. Sorting nexins are involved in intracellular trafficking, the movement of molecules within cells. SNX2 is known to associate with formin-binding protein 17, but its exact function remains unclear. It is possible that SNX2 forms complex structures with other sorting nexins.
SNX2 is involved in various stages of intracellular trafficking. It binds to membranes containing phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3P)) or phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2), playing a role as a component of the retromer membrane-deforming SNX-BAR subcomplex. This subcomplex mediates the retrograde transport of cargo proteins from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and is involved in recycling cargo proteins back to the plasma membrane. SNX2 helps deform the donor membrane into tubular structures known as endosome-to-TGN transport carriers (ETCs). It can sense membrane curvature and exhibit vesicle-to-membrane remodeling activity. SNX2 is essential for the retrograde transport of TGN38 from endosomes to the TGN. It also promotes KALRN- and RHOG-dependent membrane remodeling, independent of the retromer complex, such as lamellipodium formation, a process that depends on KALRN's GEF activity.
SNX2 is also known as TRG-9.
