SLC1A3 : solute carrier family 1 member 3
Description
The SLC1A3 (solute carrier family 1 member 3) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 5.
The SLC1A3 gene provides instructions for making the excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1) protein, primarily found in glial cells of the nervous system. These cells protect and maintain nerve cells (neurons). While present throughout the brain, EAAT1 is most abundant in the brainstem and cerebellum. EAAT1 transports glutamate, a neurotransmitter that enables neuron communication, and chloride ions. Glutamate is released from neurons and signals to other cells by attaching to receptors on neighboring neurons. After its effect, glutamate detaches and needs to be cleared from the spaces between neurons. EAAT1 is one of several glutamate transporters responsible for clearing excess glutamate, ensuring accurate signal transmission. Removing glutamate promptly prevents its toxic buildup between cells. EAAT1 also transports chloride ions, potentially contributing to the regulation of glial cell size by influencing water intake and release. It may also help maintain a normal balance of charged molecules (ions) in cells.
The SLC1A3 gene produces a protein called excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1) that acts as a sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter. It mediates the uptake of L-glutamate, L-aspartate, and D-aspartate. EAAT1 functions as a symporter, transporting one amino acid molecule along with two to three sodium ions (Na+) and one proton (H+), while simultaneously counter-transporting one potassium ion (K+). This protein also facilitates chloride ion (Cl-) flux independently of amino acid transport, preventing the buildup of negative charges due to aspartate and Na+ symport. EAAT1 plays a role in rapidly removing released glutamate from the synaptic cleft, essential for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate. This removal of glutamate is essential for proper signal transmission and prevents toxic buildup. EAAT1 exists as a homotrimer.
SLC1A3 is also known as EA6, EAAT1, GLAST, GLAST1.
