RPTOR
Description
The RPTOR (regulatory associated protein of MTOR complex 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 17.
RPTOR is a protein encoded by the RPTOR gene in humans. It exists in two forms, one 1335 amino acids long and another 1177 amino acids long. The gene is located on chromosome 17. RPTOR is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and less so in brain, lung, small intestine, kidney, and placenta. It's found in the cytoplasm, lysosomes, and cytoplasmic granules. Its localization to lysosomes is determined by amino acid availability. RPTOR's function is crucial in the signaling pathway that regulates cell growth, responding to nutrient and insulin levels.
RPTOR is a key component of the mTORC1 complex, a central nutrient sensor that controls cell growth. It responds to nutrient levels, growth factors, and amino acids. When activated, mTORC1 promotes the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides. It also inhibits catabolic processes, such as autophagy. RPTOR acts as an adapter molecule within mTORC1, recruiting it to the lysosome membrane via interaction with Rag GTPases and guiding substrates towards the active site of mTOR for phosphorylation.
RPTOR is also known as KOG1, Mip1.
