RGS2

Description

The RGS2 (regulator of G protein signaling 2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.

Regulator of G-protein signaling 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RGS2 gene. It is part of a larger family of RGS proteins that control signalling through G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). RGS2 is thought to have protective effects against myocardial hypertrophy as well as atrial arrhythmias. Increased stimulation of Gs coupled β1-adrenergic receptors and Gq coupled α1-adrenergic receptors in the heart can result in cardiac hypertrophy. In the case of Gq protein coupled receptor (GqPCR) mediated hypertrophy, Gαq will activate the intracellular affectors phospholipase Cβ and rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor to stimulate cell processes which lead to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. RGS2 functions as a GTPase Activating Protein (GAP) which acts to increase the natural GTPase activity of the Gα subunit. By increasing the GTPase activity of the Gα subunit, RGS2 promotes GTP hydrolysis back to GDP, thus converting the Gα subunit back to its inactive state and reducing its signalling ability. Both GsPCR and GqPCR activation can contribute to cardiac hypertrophy via activation of MAP Kinases as well. RGS2 has been shown to decrease phosphorylation of those MAP kinases and therefore decrease their activation in response to Gαs signalling. In the case of GsPCR mediated hypertrophy, the main mechanism by which signalling contributes to hypertrophy is through the Gβγ subunit; Gαs signalling by itself is not sufficient.

RGS2 regulates signaling cascades initiated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). It functions by enhancing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, causing them to transition to their inactive GDP-bound state, thereby inhibiting signal transduction (PubMed:11063746, PubMed:19478087). RGS2 plays a role in negatively regulating the angiotensin-activated signaling pathway (PubMed:28784619) and contributes to blood pressure regulation by responding to signals from GPCRs and GNAQ. Additionally, RGS2 influences the constriction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle (By similarity). Through binding to EIF2B5 and blocking its activity, RGS2 inhibits the translation of mRNA into protein (PubMed:19736320). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O08849, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11063746, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11278586, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17901199, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19736320, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28784619, ECO:0000305|PubMed:7643615}

RGS2 is also known as G0S8.

Associated Diseases

WES Whole Exome Sequencing

Clinical Exome Sequencing