RGS14
Description
The RGS14 (regulator of G protein signaling 14) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 5.
RGS14 is a protein that regulates G-protein signaling. It has one RGS domain, two Raf-like Ras-binding domains (RBDs), and one GoLoco motif. RGS14 interacts with activated G-protein alpha subunits through its GoLoco domain, increasing the rate of GTP hydrolysis and driving them to their inactive GDP-bound form. RGS14 also modulates signaling by acting as a GDP-dissociation inhibitor (GDI). Different splice variants of RGS14 exist but haven't been fully characterized. Increased RGS14 expression in the V2 visual cortex of mice enhances object-recognition memory, while its presence in CA2 neurons suppresses synaptic plasticity and hippocampal-based learning and memory. RGS14 interacts with GNAI1 and GNAI3.
RGS14 is a key regulator of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. It fine-tunes these signaling cascades by influencing the activity of G protein alpha subunits. RGS14 acts as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP), accelerating the conversion of GTP to GDP on certain G protein alpha subunits, pushing them into their inactive state. Additionally, RGS14 exhibits GDP-dissociation inhibitor (GDI) activity, preventing GDP from detaching from specific G protein alpha subunits, thereby prolonging their inactive state. It interacts with various G protein alpha subunits, including GNAI1, GNAI3, GNAI2, GNAI0, and GNAO1. RGS14 plays a critical role in integrating G protein signaling with the Ras/Raf MAPkinase pathway, potentially serving as a scaffold for these interactions. Its interaction with HRAS is essential for inhibiting platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced ERK1/ERK2 phosphorylation, an effect that can be reversed by GNAI1. RGS14 promotes microtubule polymerization and spindle organization through a G(i)-alpha-dependent mechanism, contributing to cell division. It is crucial for nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated neurite outgrowth and is implicated in stress resistance. RGS14 may also play a role in visual memory processing and hippocampal-based learning and memory.
RGS14 is also known as -.
