Aarskog Syndrome
Description
Aarskog Syndrome, also known as Faciogenital Dysplasia, is a rare genetic disorder affecting the development of various parts of the body, primarily the facial features, skeletal system, and genitalia. Individuals with Aarskog Syndrome often share distinct physical characteristics and may experience challenges with growth and development. This blog provides a comprehensive overview of Aarskog Syndrome, covering its signs and symptoms, causes, diagnosis, management strategies, and the ways individuals can thrive.
Genes Involved
Genes Involved:
Aarskog Syndrome is caused by mutations in the FGD1 gene, located on chromosome 13. This gene plays a vital role in the production of a protein involved in cell growth and development. Mutations in this gene disrupt the protein‘s function, leading to the characteristic features of Aarskog Syndrome.
Recognizing the Signs and Symptoms
Recognizing the Signs and Symptoms:
Aarskog Syndrome is characterized by a unique set of features, including:
- Facial Features: Wide-set eyes, a short nose with a depressed bridge, a prominent forehead, and a small lower jaw.
- Skeletal Abnormalities: Short stature, disproportionate limbs, especially short arms and legs, and a narrow chest.
- Genital Abnormalities: In males, undescended testes (cryptorchidism), hypospadias (an opening of the urethra on the underside of the penis), and a small penis.
- Other Features: Overlapping fingers (syndactyly), heart defects, hearing loss, and mild intellectual disability.
Causes
Causes:
Aarskog Syndrome is a genetic disorder, meaning it is caused by changes in a person‘s genes. Mutations in the FGD1 gene are responsible for the disorder. These mutations can be inherited from a parent or can occur spontaneously in the developing embryo.
Inheritance/recurrence risk
Inheritance or Recurrence Risk:
Aarskog Syndrome is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. This means that if one parent carries the mutated FGD1 gene, there is a 50% chance that each child will inherit the mutation and develop the disorder. In some cases, the mutation can occur spontaneously, meaning neither parent carries the gene. In these situations, the risk of having another child with Aarskog Syndrome is low.
