RAD54L
Description
The RAD54L (RAD54 like) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
RAD54L, or RAD54-like, is a human protein encoded by the RAD54L gene. It belongs to the DEAD-like helicase superfamily and shares similarities with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad54, a protein involved in homologous recombination and DNA repair. RAD54L plays a role in homologous recombination-related repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Its binding to double-strand DNA induces a topological change, facilitating homologous DNA pairing and stimulating DNA recombination. RAD54L is a key protein for homologous recombination and DNA repair in many organisms. Its dysfunction increases the risk of tumor development. RAD54L is a homolog of the yeast RAD54, initially described in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a member of the evolutionarily conserved RAD52 epistasis group, which includes RAD51, RAD52, RAD55, and RAD57 factors. This group is involved in DNA recombination events and repair mechanisms, particularly those involving double-stranded DNA breaks during both mitosis and meiosis. Human RAD54L, or hRAD54L, is located on chromosome 1p32. It encodes a protein composed of 747 amino acids, 52% identical to its yeast counterpart.
RAD54L plays a crucial role in homologous recombination (HR), a primary pathway for repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) gaps, and stalled or collapsed replication forks. It acts as a molecular motor during the homology search, guiding RAD51 ssDNA along a donor dsDNA, transforming the homology search from a diffusion-based process to a motor-driven one. RAD54L is also essential for RAD51-mediated synaptic complex formation, which involves three strands encased in a protein filament formed upon homology recognition. After DNA strand exchange occurs, RAD54L dissociates RAD51 from nucleoprotein filaments formed on dsDNA.
RAD54L is also known as HR54, RAD54A, hHR54, hRAD54.
