PTPN6
Description
The PTPN6 (protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 6) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 12.
PTPN6, also known as SHP-1, is an enzyme encoded by the PTPN6 gene. It belongs to the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family, which regulates various cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. PTPN6 contains two Src homology (SH2) domains, which bind to phosphorylated tyrosine residues and mediate interactions with its substrates. PTPN6 is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells, where it regulates multiple signaling pathways. It interacts with and dephosphorylates a wide range of phospho-proteins involved in hematopoietic cell signaling, such as the LYN-CD22-SHP-1 pathway. Multiple alternatively spliced variants of PTPN6, encoding distinct isoforms, have been identified. PTPN6 has two promoters: P-1, active in epithelial cells, and P-2, active in hemopoietic cells. Expression levels are lower in epithelial cells and higher in hemopoietic cells. In cancer, PTPN6 expression increases in epithelial cells and decreases in hematopoietic cells.
PTPN6, also known as SHP-1, regulates signaling pathways initiated by tyrosine phosphorylated cell surface receptors such as KIT and the EGF receptor (EGFR). Its SH2 domains interact with other cellular components, influencing its phosphatase activity towards interacting substrates. In conjunction with MTUS1, it stimulates the expression of UBE2V2 in response to angiotensin II. PTPN6 plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis.
PTPN6 is also known as HCP, HCPH, HPTP1C, PTP-1C, SH-PTP1, SHP-1, SHP-1L, SHP1.
