PTGES
Description
The PTGES (prostaglandin E synthase) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 9.
PTGES, also known as microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) or prostaglandin E synthase, is an enzyme encoded by the PTGES gene in humans. It is a glutathione-dependent prostaglandin E synthase. The expression of PTGES is induced by the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL1B) and the tumor suppressor protein TP53, suggesting its potential involvement in TP53-induced apoptosis. Knockout studies in mice indicate that PTGES may contribute to the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis and mediate acute pain during inflammatory responses.
PTGES is the terminal enzyme in the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-mediated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) biosynthetic pathway. It catalyzes the glutathione-dependent oxidoreduction of prostaglandin endoperoxide H2 (PGH2) to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in response to inflammatory stimuli. This enzyme also catalyzes the oxidoreduction of endocannabinoids into prostaglandin glycerol esters and PGG2 into 15-hydroperoxy-PGE2. Additionally, PTGES exhibits low glutathione transferase and glutathione-dependent peroxidase activities, respectively, toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 5-hydroperoxyicosatetraenoic acid (5-HPETE).
PTGES is also known as MGST-IV, MGST1-L1, MGST1L1, MPGES, PGES, PIG12, PP102, PP1294, TP53I12, mPGES-1.
Associated Diseases
- asthma
- lymphatic malformation 3
- Lipedema
- lymphatic malformation 8
- cancer
- lymphatic malformation 7
- achalasia-alacrima syndrome
