PPAN
Description
The PPAN (peter pan homolog) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 19.
PPAN is a human protein encoded by the PPAN gene. It is highly conserved across species and shares similarities with yeast SSF1 and the Drosophila Peter Pan protein. SSF1 is involved in mRNA splicing, and both SSF1 and PPAN are crucial for cell growth and proliferation. PPAN is co-transcribed with P2RY11, an ATP receptor gene, and their chimeric transcripts are found in various tissues and are regulated during granulocyte development. Overexpression of PPAN can reduce the growth of certain tumor cells. While involved in ribosome biogenesis, PPAN is found not only in the nucleolus but also in mitochondria. Depletion of PPAN leads to apoptosis, characterized by increased levels of p53 and its target gene p21, mitochondrial depolarization through BAX, cytochrome c release, and caspase-dependent cleavage of PARP. Recent studies indicate that PPAN regulates mitochondrial homeostasis, potentially by modulating autophagy. Furthermore, PPAN is essential for proper cell cycle progression, as its downregulation in cancer cells causes cell cycle arrest independent of p53.
PPAN is also known as BXDC3, SSF, SSF-1, SSF1, SSF2.
Associated Diseases
- Parkinson disease
- lysosomal storage disease
- Alzheimer disease
- multiple sclerosis
- narcolepsy-cataplexy syndrome
- acute kidney failure
- cancer
