PLSCR1
Description
The PLSCR1 (phospholipid scramblase 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 3.
Phospholipid scramblase 1 (PL scramblase 1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLSCR1 gene.
PLSCR1 catalyzes the rapid, bidirectional movement of phospholipids (lipid scrambling) between the inner and outer layers of the cell membrane, regardless of the type of phospholipid. This process is independent of ATP and triggered by calcium. It leads to the collapse of the phospholipid asymmetry, resulting in phosphatidylserine being displayed on the cell surface. This process is involved in cell death (apoptosis) in neurons by interacting with the TRPC5 protein. PLSCR1 also acts as a nuclease, breaking down double-stranded DNA and RNA in the presence of magnesium. It can enhance DNA decatenation, the process of separating intertwined DNA strands, which is mediated by the TOP2A protein. PLSCR1 negatively regulates phagocytosis, the engulfment of cells or particles by macrophages. PLSCR1 may play a role in cell growth and differentiation, and may also be involved in the antiviral response, by amplifying the interferon response. PLSCR1 inhibits the activity of certain viral proteins, including the Tax protein from HTLV-1, the Tat protein from HIV-1, the HBx protein from HBV, the BZLF1 protein from EBV, and the IE1 and IE2 proteins from human cytomegalovirus. PLSCR1 prevents the influenza virus from infecting cells by blocking the transport of the viral nucleoprotein (NP) into the nucleus. PLSCR1 also acts as a defense mechanism against SARS-CoV-2 by targeting nascent viral vesicles to prevent virus-membrane fusion and the release of viral RNA into the host cell. It has been shown to interact with a number of proteins including ABL, RELT, RELL1, RELL2, OXSR1, TOP2A, TOP2B, OCLN, TRPC5, TRPC1, TRPC4, ILDR1, and the E1 and E2 glycoproteins from hepatitis C virus. PLSCR1 also interacts with the Tax protein from HTLV-1, the Tat protein from HIV-1, the HBx protein from HBV, the BZLF1 protein from EBV, the IE1 and IE2 proteins from human cytomegalovirus, and the NP protein from the influenza virus.
PLSCR1 is also known as MMTRA1B.
Associated Diseases
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- liver cancer
- Brugada syndrome
- familial atrial fibrillation
- X-linked retinal dysplasia
- X-linked severe congenital neutropenia
- myeloperoxidase deficiency
- autosomal recessive severe congenital neutropenia due to CSF3R deficiency
- eosinophil peroxidase deficiency
- neutropenia, severe congenital, 1, autosomal dominant
- familial sick sinus syndrome
- X-linked retinoschisis
