PLK3

Description

The PLK3 (polo like kinase 3) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.

Polo-like kinase 3 (Drosophila), also known as PLK3, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the PLK3 gene.

== Function == Cytokine-inducible kinase is a putative serine/threonine kinase. CNK contains both a catalytic domain and a putative regulatory domain. It may play a role in regulation of cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis.

== Interactions == PLK3 has been shown to interact with:

CDC25C, CHEK2, and P53.

PLK3 is a serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cell cycle progression, responding to stress, and Golgi disassembly. It belongs to the Polo-like kinase family, which function by binding and phosphorylating proteins that are already phosphorylated on a specific motif recognized by the POLO box domains. PLK3 has been shown to phosphorylate a wide range of proteins, including ATF2, BCL2L1, CDC25A, CDC25C, CHEK2, HIF1A, JUN, p53/TP53, p73/TP73, PTEN, TOP2A, and VRK1. In terms of cell cycle regulation, PLK3 is essential for entry into the S phase and cytokinesis. It phosphorylates BCL2L1, contributing to the regulation of the G2 checkpoint and the progression to cytokinesis during mitosis. PLK3 plays a critical role in the response to stress, rapidly activating upon stimulation by stressors such as ionizing radiation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), hyperosmotic stress, UV irradiation, and hypoxia. It is involved in the DNA damage response and G1/S transition checkpoint by phosphorylating CDC25A, p53/TP53, and p73/TP73. Notably, PLK3 phosphorylates p53/TP53 in response to ROS, promoting p53/TP53-mediated apoptosis. It also phosphorylates CHEK2 in response to DNA damage, facilitating the G2/M transition checkpoint. Additionally, PLK3 phosphorylates the transcription factor p73/TP73 in response to DNA damage, leading to inhibition of p73/TP73-mediated transcriptional activation and pro-apoptotic functions. PLK3 phosphorylates HIF1A and JUN in response to hypoxia and ATF2 following hyperosmotic stress in corneal epithelium. Regarding Golgi disassembly, PLK3 is part of a MEK1/MAP2K1-dependent pathway that induces Golgi fragmentation during mitosis by mediating the phosphorylation of VRK1. PLK3 may also participate in the endomitotic cell cycle, a form of mitosis where both karyokinesis and cytokinesis are interrupted, a characteristic feature of megakaryocyte differentiation. This involvement is mediated through its interaction with CIB1. Through its POLO-box domain, PLK3 interacts with CIB1, inhibiting its kinase activity. Furthermore, PLK3 interacts with GOLGB1.

PLK3 is also known as CNK, FNK, PLK-3, PRK.

Associated Diseases

WES Whole Exome Sequencing