PLA2R1
Description
The PLA2R1 (phospholipase A2 receptor 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 2.
Secretory phospholipase A2 receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLA2R1 gene.
== Clinical significance == M-type phospholipase A2 receptor is the major antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy attributed to over 70% of cases.
The PLA2R1 gene encodes the secretory phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R), which acts as a receptor for the enzyme phospholipase A2 (sPLA2). Specifically, PLA2R binds to the sPLA2-IB/PLA2G1B isoform but not the sPLA2-IIA/PLA2G2A isoform. It can also bind to snake venom PA2-like toxins. The precise function of PLA2R is still being investigated, but it is known to play a role in both positively and negatively regulating sPLA2 activity and clearing sPLA2 from the body. Binding of sPLA2-IB/PLA2G1B to PLA2R triggers different effects in different cell types, including activation of the MAPK signaling pathway, leading to cell proliferation, production of lipid mediators, and release of arachidonic acid in mast cells. In neutrophils, PLA2R binding to sPLA2-IB/PLA2G1B activates p38 MAPK, promoting elastase release and cell adhesion. PLA2R may also contribute to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines during endotoxic shock. PLA2R possesses endocytic properties and efficiently internalizes sPLA2 ligands, which is important for removing extracellular sPLA2 to prevent its potent enzymatic activity. A soluble form of PLA2R circulates in the bloodstream and acts as a negative regulator of sPLA2 functions by blocking the effects of sPLA2-IB/PLA2G1B. PLA2R binding to sPLA2-IB/PLA2G1B in podocytes regulates podocyte survival and glomerular homeostasis. PLA2R interacts with sPLA2-IB/PLA2G1B, which mediates both intracellular signaling and clearance of extracellular sPLA2-IB/PLA2G1B through endocytosis. PLA2R also interacts with sPLA2-X/PLA2G10, mediating the clearance and inactivation of this sPLA2 isoform.
PLA2R1 is also known as CLEC13C, PLA2-R, PLA2G1R, PLA2IR, PLA2R.
