PLA2G2E
Description
The PLA2G2E (phospholipase A2 group IIE) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
PLA2G2E is a secretory calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that primarily targets extracellular phospholipids. It hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at the sn-2 position of phospholipids, releasing various unsaturated fatty acids including oleate, linoleate, arachidonate, docosahexaenoate, and lysophosphatidylethanolamines in preference to lysophosphatidylcholines. In response to a high-fat diet, PLA2G2E hydrolyzes minor lipoprotein phospholipids including phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylinositols, and phosphatidylglycerols, altering lipoprotein composition and fat storage in adipose tissue and liver. PLA2G2E may act in an autocrine and paracrine manner. It contributes to lipid remodeling of cellular membranes and generation of lipid mediators involved in pathogen clearance. PLA2G2E cleaves sn-2 fatty acyl chains of phosphatidylglycerols and phosphatidylethanolamines, which are major components of membrane phospholipids in bacteria. It acts as a hair follicle phospholipase A2, selectively releasing lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPE) and various unsaturated fatty acids in skin to regulate hair follicle homeostasis. PLA2G2E may regulate the inflammatory response by releasing arachidonate, a precursor of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Upon allergen exposure, PLA2G2E may participate in allergic inflammatory response by enhancing leukotriene C4 synthesis and degranulation in mast cells.
PLA2G2E is also known as GIIE sPLA2, sPLA2-IIE.
Associated Diseases
- dilated cardiomyopathy 1L
- isolated asymptomatic elevation of creatine phosphokinase
- dilated cardiomyopathy 1I
- dilated cardiomyopathy 3B
- dilated cardiomyopathy 1II
- pentosuria
- cancer
