PLA2G2D
Description
The PLA2G2D (phospholipase A2 group IID) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
PLA2G2D gene in humans encodes for Group IID secretory phospholipase A2, an enzyme that plays a role in inflammatory and immune responses.
PLA2G2D encodes a secretory calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that primarily targets extracellular lipids. It exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive functions by hydrolyzing the ester bond of fatty acyl groups at the sn-2 position of phospholipids, particularly phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylglycerols. This enzyme selectively hydrolyzes diacyl and alkenyl forms of phosphatidylethanolamines in draining lymph nodes, releasing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) like eicosapentaenoate and docosahexaenoate, which are precursors of anti-inflammatory lipid mediators known as resolvins. During the resolution phase of acute inflammation, it drives docosahexaenoate-derived resolvin D1 synthesis, suppressing dendritic cell activation and T-helper 1 immune response. Furthermore, it can act in an autocrine and paracrine manner, promoting regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation and maintaining immune tolerance, independent of its catalytic activity. PLA2G2D contributes to lipid remodeling of cellular membranes, generating lipid mediators involved in pathogen clearance, and exhibits bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria by directly hydrolyzing phospholipids of the bacterial membrane. (ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9WVF6, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10455175, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10681567)
PLA2G2D is also known as PLA2IID, SPLASH, sPLA2-IID, sPLA2S.
Associated Diseases
- isolated agammaglobulinemia
- common variable immunodeficiency
- T-B+ severe combined immunodeficiency due to JAK3 deficiency
- immunodeficiency 18
- severe combined immunodeficiency due to CTPS1 deficiency
- severe combined immunodeficiency due to CARD11 deficiency
- agammaglobulinemia 7, autosomal recessive
- hyper-IgE recurrent infection syndrome 5, autosomal recessive
- inborn error of immunity
- immunodeficiency, common variable, 4
- immunodeficiency 96
- severe combined immunodeficiency due to LAT deficiency
- autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2B
- reticular dysgenesis
- combined immunodeficiency due to ZAP70 deficiency
- schizophrenia 15
- T-B+ severe combined immunodeficiency due to IL-7Ralpha deficiency
