PLA2G15
Description
The PLA2G15 (phospholipase A2 group XV) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 16.
PLA2G15 has dual calcium-independent phospholipase and O-acyltransferase activities, playing a role in glycerophospholipid homeostasis and remodeling acyl groups of lipophilic alcohols within acidic cellular compartments. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the ester bond of fatty acyl groups at the sn-1 or sn-2 position of phospholipids (phospholipase A1 or A2 activity) and transfers the group to the hydroxyl group at the first carbon of lipophilic alcohols (O-acyltransferase activity). Preferred fatty acyl donors include phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylglycerols and phosphatidylserines, with a preference for sn-2 over sn-1 deacylation of unsaturated fatty acyl groups of phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines. Natural lipophilic alcohols, such as short-chain ceramide N-acetyl-sphingosine (C2 ceramide), alkylacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols, and acylethanolamides (like anandamide and oleoylethanolamide) are preferred fatty acyl acceptors. PLA2G15 selectively hydrolyzes the sn-1 fatty acyl group of truncated oxidized phospholipids, potentially playing a role in detoxifying reactive oxidized phospholipids during oxidative stress. It is required for normal phospholipid degradation in alveolar macrophages, potentially impacting pulmonary surfactant clearance. At neutral pH, PLA2G15 hydrolyzes the sn-1 fatty acyl group of lysophosphatidylcholines.
PLA2G15 is also known as ACS, GXVPLA2, LLPL, LPLA2, LYPLA3.
Associated Diseases
- pulmonary alveolar proteinosis with hypogammaglobulinemia
- homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
- sitosterolemia
- autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 4
- idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome
- common variable immunodeficiency
- immunodeficiency 78 with autoimmunity and developmental delay
