PKMYT1
Description
The PKMYT1 (protein kinase, membrane associated tyrosine/threonine 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 16.
PKMYT1 is a human gene that encodes for a membrane-associated tyrosine- and threonine-specific cdc2-inhibitory kinase, also known as Myt1 kinase. Myt 1 is an enzyme in the Wee1 family and found in vertebrates. The Wee 1 family includes a variety of enzymes that all work to inhibit Cdk activity in a variety of different organisms. Myt 1 is important in regulating the cell cycle through inactivating Cdks through the phosphorylation of both Tyr 15 and Thr 14. There are other enzymes that play roles in the inactivation of Cdks in the Wee 1 family that work in a variety of different organisms. Some examples of Wee 1 family enzymes working in different species are as follows: S. cerevisiae: Swe 1 S. pombe: Wee 1 and Mik 1 D. melanogaster: Dwee 1 and Dmyt 1 Vertebrates: Wee 1 (phosphorylates only Tyr 15) and Myt 1 (phosphorylates both Tyr 15 and Thr 14) Wee 1 is present in all eukaryotes under different names and is responsible for phosphorylating Tyr 15 in each of those organisms. In fission yeast where Wee 1 is the primary inhibitor of Cdk1, mutations in the Wee 1 gene cause premature entry into mitosis. On the other hand, the overproduction of Wee 1 blocks entry into mitosis. Myt 1 plays an important role in inhibiting Cdk activity through phosphorylating Tyr 15 and Thr 14. Tyr 15 is highly conserved and is found in all major Cdks, however has different names in different organisms. Animal cells have an additional Thr 14 site that aids in further Cdk inactivation.
Acts as a negative regulator of entry into mitosis (G2 to M transition) by phosphorylation of the CDK1 kinase specifically when CDK1 is complexed to cyclins. Mediates phosphorylation of CDK1 predominantly on 'Thr-14'. Also involved in Golgi fragmentation. May be involved in phosphorylation of CDK1 on 'Tyr-15' to a lesser degree, however tyrosine kinase activity is unclear and may be indirect. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10373560, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10504341, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9001210, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9268380}
PKMYT1 is also known as MYT1, PPP1R126.
