PGLYRP3

Description

The PGLYRP3 (peptidoglycan recognition protein 3) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.

Peptidoglycan recognition protein 3 (PGLYRP3, formerly PGRP-Iα) is an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory innate immunity protein that in humans is encoded by the PGLYRP3 gene. PGLYRP3 (formerly PGRP-Iα), a member of a family of human Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins (PGRPs), was discovered in 2001. PGLYRP3 has similar expression to PGLYRP4 (peptidoglycan recognition protein 4) but not identical. PGLYRP3 is constitutively expressed in the skin, in the eye, and in the mucous membranes in the tongue, throat, and esophagus, and at a much lower level in the remaining parts of the intestinal tract. Bacteria and their products increase the expression of PGLYRP3 in keratinocytes and oral epithelial cells. Mouse PGLYRP3 is also differentially expressed in the developing brain and this expression is influenced by the intestinal microbiome. PGLYRP3 is secreted and forms disulfide-linked dimers. PGLYRP3, similar to PGLYRP4, has two peptidoglycan-binding type 2 amidase domains (also known as PGRP domains), which are not identical (have 38% amino acid identity in humans) and do not have amidase enzymatic activity. PGLYRP3 is secreted, it is glycosylated, and its glycosylation is required for its bactericidal activity.

PGLYRP3 is a pattern recognition receptor that binds to peptidoglycans (PGN) found in the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria. It exhibits bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria, potentially by disrupting their peptidoglycan biosynthesis. While also binding to Gram-negative bacteria, PGLYRP3 demonstrates bacteriostatic activity against them. It plays a crucial role in innate immunity.

PGLYRP3 is also known as PGLYRPIalpha, PGRP-Ialpha, PGRPIA.

Associated Diseases

WES Whole Exome Sequencing