PGAM1
Description
The PGAM1 (phosphoglycerate mutase 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 10.
Phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM) is an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the eighth step in glycolysis, the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) to 2-phosphoglycerate (2PG) through a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate intermediate. PGM exists in two distinct classes: cofactor-dependent (dPGM) and cofactor-independent (iPGM). The dPGM enzyme, found in vertebrates, some invertebrates, fungi, and bacteria, is composed of about 250 amino acids. The iPGM class is present in plants, algae, and some invertebrates, fungi, and bacteria. This class shares a common superfamily with alkaline phosphatase. PGAM1, a dPGM enzyme, is a homodimer that utilizes 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate as a cofactor to catalyze the interconversion of 2-phosphoglycerate and 3-phosphoglycerate. This reaction is a crucial step in glycolysis. PGAM1 also catalyzes the interconversion of (2R)-2,3-bisphosphoglycerate and (2R)-3-phosphoglyceroyl phosphate. PGM is an isomerase, effectively transferring a phosphate group (PO43−) from the C-3 carbon of 3-phosphoglycerate to the C-2 carbon to form 2-phosphoglycerate. dPGM can catalyze three reactions: a mutase reaction converting 3PG to 2PG and vice versa, a phosphatase reaction creating phosphoglycerate from 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, and a synthase reaction producing 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Structural and kinetic studies indicate that dPGM and bisphosphoglycerate mutase are paralogous structures, belonging to the same superfamily as the phosphatase portion of phosphofructokinase 2 and prostatic acid phosphatase.
PGAM1 catalyzes the reversible conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate, a key step in glycolysis, utilizing 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate as a cofactor. Additionally, it facilitates the interconversion of (2R)-2,3-bisphosphoglycerate and (2R)-3-phosphoglyceroyl phosphate.
PGAM1 is also known as HEL-S-35, PGAM-B, PGAMA.
Associated Diseases
- cancer
- breast cancer
- nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma
- bipolar disorder
- pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
