PDCD1
Description
The PDCD1 (programmed cell death 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 2.
PDCD1 (Programmed cell death protein 1) is a protein encoded by the PDCD1 gene in humans. It acts as a cell surface receptor on T cells and B cells, playing a crucial role in regulating the immune system. PDCD1 functions as an immune checkpoint, suppressing T cell inflammatory activity to maintain self-tolerance and prevent autoimmune diseases. However, this suppression can also hinder the immune system's ability to eliminate cancer cells. PDCD1 achieves its immune regulation through two main mechanisms: promoting apoptosis of antigen-specific T cells in lymph nodes and reducing apoptosis in regulatory T cells. PDCD1 inhibitors, a new class of drugs, block PDCD1's activity, thereby activating the immune system to target tumors. PDCD1 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and binds to two ligands, PD-L1 (CD274/PDCD1L1) and PD-L2 (CD273/PDCD1LG2).
PDCD1 is an inhibitory receptor expressed on antigen-activated T cells. It plays a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance by suppressing T cell activation. Upon binding to its ligands, CD274/PDCD1L1 and CD273/PDCD1LG2, PDCD1 delivers inhibitory signals. After T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement, PDCD1 associates with CD3-TCR in the immunological synapse and directly inhibits T-cell activation. PDCD1 suppresses T-cell activation by recruiting PTPN11/SHP-2. Following ligand binding, PDCD1 is phosphorylated, leading to the recruitment of the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN11/SHP-2. This phosphatase dephosphorylates key TCR signaling molecules such as ZAP70, PRKCQ/PKCtheta, and CD247/CD3zeta.
PDCD1 is also known as CD279, PD-1, PD1, SLEB2, hPD-1, hPD-l, hSLE1.
