PCBP2
Description
The PCBP2 (poly(rC) binding protein 2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 12.
Poly(rC)-binding protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PCBP2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene appears to be multifunctional. It along with PCBP-1 and hnRNPK corresponds to the major cellular poly(rC)-binding proteins. It contains three K-homologous (KH) domains which may be involved in RNA binding. This encoded protein together with PCBP-1 also functions as translational coactivators of poliovirus RNA via a sequence-specific interaction with stem-loop IV of the IRES and promote poliovirus RNA replication by binding to its 5'-terminal cloverleaf structure. It has also been implicated in translational control of the 15-lipoxygenase mRNA, human Papillomavirus type 16 L2 mRNA, and hepatitis A virus RNA. The encoded protein is also suggested to play a part in formation of a sequence-specific alpha-globin mRNP complex which is associated with alpha-globin mRNA stability. This multiexon structural mRNA is thought to be retrotransposed to generate PCBP-1 intronless gene which has similar functions. This gene and PCBP-1 has paralogues PCBP3 and PCBP4 which is thought to arose as a result of duplication events of entire genes. It also has two processed pseudogenes PCBP2P1 and PCBP2P2. There are presently two alternatively spliced transcript variants described for this gene.
PCBP2, also known as Alpha-CP2 or Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein E2, is a single-stranded nucleic acid binding protein that preferentially binds to oligo dC. It is a major cellular poly(rC)-binding protein and also binds to poly(rU). PCBP2 functions as a negative regulator of antiviral signaling, inhibiting cellular antiviral responses mediated by MAVS signaling. It acts as an adapter between MAVS and the E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH, triggering MAVS ubiquitination and degradation. PCBP2 also negatively regulates the cGAS-STING pathway through interaction with CGAS, preventing the formation of liquid-like droplets where CGAS is activated. In collaboration with PCBP1, PCBP2 is required for erythropoiesis, potentially by regulating mRNA splicing.
PCBP2 is also known as HNRNPE2, HNRPE2, hnRNP-E2.
Associated Diseases
- lysosomal storage disease
- Alzheimer disease
- Parkinson disease
- multiple sclerosis
- breast cancer
- thrombocytopenia 4
- thrombocytopenia 7
- beta-thalassemia-X-linked thrombocytopenia syndrome
