PARP2

Description

The PARP2 (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 14.

Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PARP2 gene. It is one of the PARP family of enzymes. This gene encodes poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase-like 2 protein, which contains a catalytic domain and is capable of catalyzing a poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reaction. This protein has a catalytic domain which is homologous to that of poly (ADP-ribosyl) transferase, but lacks an N-terminal DNA binding domain which activates the C-terminal catalytic domain of poly (ADP-ribosyl) transferase. The basic residues within the N-terminal region of this protein may bear potential DNA-binding properties, and may be involved in the nuclear and/or nucleolar targeting of the protein. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found. In the plant species Arabidopsis thaliana, PARP2 plays more significant roles than PARP1 in protective responses to DNA damage and bacterial pathogenesis. The plant PARP2 carries N-terminal SAP DNA binding motifs rather than the Zn-finger DNA binding motifs of plant and animal PARP1 proteins. Some PARP inhibitor anti-cancer drugs (primarily aimed at PARP1) also inhibit PARP2, e.g. niraparib.

PARP2 is a poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase that plays a crucial role in DNA repair by mediating the attachment of ADP-ribose units to proteins. It can modify proteins with glutamate, aspartate, or serine residues, forming a polymer with an average chain length of 20-30 units. Serine ADP-ribosylation is the primary response to DNA damage. PARP2 interacts with HPF1, which is required for serine ADP-ribosylation and limits the length of poly-ADP-ribose chains. PARP2 recognizes and binds DNA breaks, recruiting HPF1 to promote chromatin decompaction and the recruitment of repair factors. PARP2 also forms branched poly-ADP-ribose chains, which are specifically recognized by factors like APLF. In addition to proteins, PARP2 can also ADP-ribosylate DNA, preferentially acting on 5'-terminal phosphates at DNA strand breaks. PARP2 is part of a base excision repair (BER) complex that includes XRCC1, PARP1, POLB, and LRIG3. It can form homo- and heterodimers with PARP1 and interacts with HPF1, core nucleosomes, and other factors.

PARP2 is also known as ADPRT2, ADPRTL2, ADPRTL3, ARTD2, PARP-2, pADPRT-2.

Associated Diseases

WES Whole Exome Sequencing

Clinical Exome Sequencing