PALLD
Description
The PALLD (palladin, cytoskeletal associated protein) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 4.
Palladin is a protein encoded by the PALLD gene in humans. It is a component of actin-containing microfilaments that regulate cell shape, adhesion, and contraction. Palladin was discovered independently by two research groups, first in the lab of Carol Otey (in 2000) and then in the lab of Olli Carpén (in 2001). It belongs to the myotilin-myopalladin-palladin family and may play a crucial role in modulating the actin cytoskeleton. Unlike myotilin and myopalladin, which are only expressed in striated muscle, palladin is expressed ubiquitously in cells of mesenchymal origin. The name 'Palladin' is a reference to the Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio, reflecting its localization to structural elements of the cell. In humans, there appear to be seven distinct isoforms, some arising from alternative splicing. In mice, three major isoforms of palladin are produced from a single gene. These isoforms contain between three and five copies (depending on the isoform) of an Ig-like domain and between one and two copies of a polyproline domain. Palladin's exact biological function is not fully understood, but it has been shown to participate in cytoskeletal organization, embryonic development, cell motility, scar formation in the skin, and nerve cell development.
Palladin is a cytoskeletal protein essential for the proper organization of the actin cytoskeleton. It plays a role in defining cell shape, movement, cell adhesion, and interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix in various cell types. Palladin may act as a scaffolding molecule, influencing both the formation of new actin filaments and the arrangement of existing filaments into complex structures. It binds to proteins that interact with either individual actin monomers or assembled actin filaments. Palladin localizes to regions of active actin reorganization, such as lamellipodia and membrane ruffles. Different isoforms of palladin may have distinct functions. It contributes to the control of morphological and cytoskeletal changes during dendritic cell maturation. Palladin is involved in directing ACTN to specific locations within the cell.
PALLD is also known as CGI-151, CGI151, MYN, PNCA1, SIH002.
