NRP1
Description
The NRP1 (neuropilin 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 10.
Neuropilin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NRP1 gene. In humans, the neuropilin 1 gene is located at 10p11.22. This is one of two human neuropilins.
== Function == NRP1 is a membrane-bound coreceptor to a tyrosine kinase receptor for both vascular endothelial growth factor (for example, VEGFA) and semaphorin (for example, SEMA3A) family members. NRP1 plays versatile roles in angiogenesis, axon guidance, cell survival, migration, and invasion.[supplied by OMIM]
== Interactions == Neuropilin 1 has been shown to interact with Vascular endothelial growth factor A.
== Role in COVID-19 == Research has shown that neuropilin 1 facilitates entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells, making it a possible target for future antiviral drugs.
== Implication in cancer == Neuropilin 1 has been implicated in the vascularization and progression of cancers. NRP1 expression has been shown to be elevated in a number of human patient tumor samples, including brain, prostate, breast, colon, and lung cancers and NRP1 levels are positively correlated with metastasis. In prostate cancer NRP1 has been demonstrated to be an androgen-suppressed gene, upregulated during the adaptive response of prostate tumors to androgen-targeted therapies and a prognostic biomarker of clinical metastasis and lethal PCa. In vitro and in vivo mouse studies have shown membrane bound NRP1 to be proangiogenic and that NRP1 promotes the vascularization of prostate tumors. Elevated NRP1 expression is also correlated with the invasiveness of non-small cell lung cancer both in vitro and in vivo.
NRP1 is a cell surface receptor involved in various developmental processes including the cardiovascular system, angiogenesis, neuronal circuit formation and organogenesis. It mediates the repulsive activity of semaphorins, recognizes a C-end rule motif on its ligands leading to cellular internalization and vascular leakage. NRP1 binds to various ligands including semaphorin 3A, PLGF-2, VEGF165 and VEGFB. Coexpression of NRP1 with KDR increases VEGF165 binding to KDR and chemotaxis. NRP1 regulates VEGF-induced angiogenesis and initiates a signaling pathway required for motor neuron axon guidance and cell body migration. NRP1 also regulates mitochondrial iron transport by interacting with ABCB8/MITOSUR.
NRP1 is also known as BDCA4, CD304, NP1, NRP, VEGF165R.
