NPRL2 : NPR2 like, GATOR1 complex subunit
Description
The NPRL2 (NPR2 like, GATOR1 complex subunit) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 3.
The NPRL2 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is a part of the GATOR1 complex. The GATOR1 complex is found in cells throughout the body and regulates the mTOR pathway, which is involved in cell growth and division, cell survival, and protein synthesis. The GATOR1 complex acts to block the mTOR pathway by inhibiting mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), a key component of the mTOR pathway. In the brain, the mTOR pathway plays a crucial role in regulating nerve cell growth and development, as well as their plasticity.
NPRL2, also known as Gene 21 protein, Nitrogen permease regulator 2-like protein, and Tumor suppressor candidate 4, is a key component of the GATOR1 complex, a multiprotein complex that acts as an inhibitor of the amino acid-sensing branch of the mTORC1 pathway. The GATOR1 complex plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth and division by controlling the mTOR pathway. In response to amino acid depletion, NPRL2 within the GATOR1 complex exhibits GTPase activating protein (GAP) activity, which increases the rate of GTP hydrolysis by Rag proteins, leading to their inactivation. This inactivation results in the release of mTORC1 from the lysosomal surface and subsequent inhibition of mTORC1 signaling. Conversely, in the presence of ample amino acids, the GATOR1 complex is ubiquitinated and inhibited by GATOR2. NPRL2 is the catalytic subunit within the GATOR1 complex, responsible for mediating the GTPase activator activity. This activity can be inhibited by PRMT1 through methylation under conditions of sufficient methionine, ultimately leading to timely mTORC1 activation. The interaction of NPRL2 with Rag proteins is essential for the proper function of the GATOR complex and its regulation of the mTOR pathway.
NPRL2 is also known as FFEVF2, NPR2, NPR2L, TUSC4.
