NOS1
Description
The NOS1 (nitric oxide synthase 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 12.
Nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal), also known as NOS1, is an enzyme encoded by the NOS1 gene in humans. NOS1, along with other nitric oxide synthases (NOSs), catalyzes the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. NO plays diverse roles in the body, depending on its source and location. In the brain and peripheral nervous system, where NOS1 predominates, NO functions as a neurotransmitter, potentially involved in long-term potentiation. It is implicated in neurotoxicity related to stroke and neurodegenerative diseases, neural regulation of smooth muscle (including peristalsis and sphincter relaxation), and penile erection. NO also contributes to endothelium-derived relaxing factor activity regulating blood pressure (produced by NOS3) and mediates tumoricidal and bactericidal actions in macrophages (produced by NOS2). Various pharmacological inhibitors of NOS block these effects, but their specific functions have been further clarified through animal models with inactivated NOS genes. Neuronal NOS (NOS1), Endothelial NOS (NOS3), and Inducible NOS (macrophage NOS) are distinct isoforms. Both the neuronal and macrophage forms require several electron donors: FAD, FMN, NADPH, and tetrahydrobiopterin.
NOS1 is also known as IHPS1, N-NOS, NC-NOS, NOS, bNOS, nNOS.
