MS4A2
Description
The MS4A2 (membrane spanning 4-domains A2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 11.
The MS4A2 gene encodes the beta subunit of the high affinity IgE receptor, a key component in the allergic response. This receptor, a tetramer composed of alpha, beta, and two gamma chains, is found on the surface of mast cells and basophils. The allergic response begins with the binding of an allergen to receptor-bound IgE, which triggers cell activation and the release of mediators responsible for allergic symptoms. MS4A2 belongs to the membrane-spanning 4A gene family, characterized by common structural features and unique expression patterns in hematopoietic cells and nonlymphoid tissues. The gene is localized on chromosome 11q12, among a cluster of related genes.
MS4A2, also known as FcεRI beta-chain, is a high-affinity receptor that binds to the Fc region of immunoglobulin E (IgE). This binding triggers a cascade of events in mast cells and basophils, ultimately leading to the release of mediators responsible for allergic reactions. The aggregation of FCER1 by multivalent antigens is crucial for this response. This aggregation triggers the release of preformed mediators like histamine through degranulation, as well as the production of lipid mediators and cytokines. Furthermore, MS4A2 mediates the secretion of vital lymphokines. The binding of allergens to receptor-bound IgE initiates cell activation and the release of mediators that drive allergic manifestations.
MS4A2 is also known as APY, ATOPY, FCER1B, FCERI, IGEL, IGER, IGHER.
