MRGPRX2
Description
The MRGPRX2 (MAS related GPR family member X2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 11.
MRGPRX2, encoded by the MRGPRX2 gene, is a protein found primarily on cutaneous mast cells, sensory neurons, and keratinocytes. Its activation on mast cells leads to rapid, brief IgE-independent type 1 hypersensitivity-like reactions, also known as pseudoallergic reactions. Medications associated with MRGPRX2 activation include neuromuscular blocking agents (excluding succinylcholine), antibiotics like fluoroquinolones and vancomycin (causing Red Man syndrome), icatibant, leuprolide, and morphine.
MRGPRX2 acts as a receptor for various ligands, including basic secretagogues, such as cationic amphiphilic drugs and peptides, as well as small molecules containing a cyclized tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ). It recognizes and binds to non-steroidal neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBDs) like tubocurarine and atracurium, triggering pseudo-allergic reactions characterized by histamine release, inflammation, and airway contraction. Other ligands include peptides like cortistatin-14, proadrenomedullin N-terminal peptides PAMP-12 and PAMP-20, antibacterial protein LL-37, PMX-53 peptide, beta-defensins, and complanadine A.
MRGPRX2 is also known as MGRG3, MRGX2.
Associated Diseases
- neutrophil immunodeficiency syndrome
- hepatorenocardiac degenerative fibrosis
- renal cysts and diabetes syndrome
- Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome
- 46,XX ovotesticular disorder of sex development
- hyperparathyroidism 2 with jaw tumors
- tetragametic chimerism
- anaphylaxis
- migraine disorder
- allergic disease
- systemic mastocytosis
