MMGT1
Description
The MMGT1 (membrane magnesium transporter 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome X.
MMGT1 is a component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC), which facilitates the energy-independent insertion of newly synthesized membrane proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum. It preferentially interacts with proteins containing transmembrane domains that are weakly hydrophobic or exhibit destabilizing features like charged and aromatic residues. MMGT1 participates in the cotranslational insertion of multi-pass membrane proteins, where stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequences become ER membrane-spanning helices. Additionally, it plays a role in the post-translational insertion of tail-anchored (TA) proteins into the ER. MMGT1 ensures the correct cotranslational insertion of N-terminal transmembrane domains, resulting in an N-exo topology with the translocated N-terminus located in the ER lumen. This mechanism controls the topology of multi-pass membrane proteins, such as G protein-coupled receptors. By regulating protein insertion into membranes, MMGT1 indirectly influences various cellular processes. It may also be involved in magnesium (Mg2+) transport.
MMGT1 is also known as EMC5, TMEM32.
