MAPK12
Description
The MAPK12 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 12) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 22.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 (MAP kinase 12), also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 6 (ERK6) or stress-activated protein kinase 3 (SAPK3), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK12 gene.
== Function == Activation of members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family is a major mechanism for transduction of extracellular signals. Stress-activated protein kinases are one subclass of MAP kinases. The protein encoded by this gene functions as a signal transducer during differentiation of myoblasts to myotubes.
== References ==
== Further reading ==
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
MAPK12 is a serine/threonine kinase that is a key component of the MAP kinase signaling pathway. It is one of four p38 MAPKs, which are involved in cellular responses to extracellular stimuli such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and physical stress. MAPK12 directly activates transcription factors like ELK1 and ATF2, triggering a cascade of cellular events. p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a wide range of proteins, including downstream kinases like MAPKAPK2. This phosphorylation activates these kinases, further propagating the signaling cascade. MAPK12 plays a crucial role in myoblast differentiation and downregulation of cyclin D1 in response to hypoxia in adrenal cells, suggesting its involvement in inhibiting cell proliferation while promoting differentiation.
MAPK12 phosphorylates DLG1, and following osmotic shock, its association with nuclear DLG1 increases, leading to dissociation of DLG1-SFPQ complexes. This function, independent of its catalytic activity, may affect mRNA processing or gene transcription to aid in cell adaptation to osmotic changes. MAPK12 also regulates UV-induced checkpoint signaling and repair of UV-induced DNA damage. It also contributes to G2 arrest after gamma-radiation exposure.
MAPK12 regulates SLC2A1 expression and basal glucose uptake in L6 myotubes and negatively regulates SLC2A4 expression and contraction-mediated glucose uptake in adult skeletal muscle. C-Jun (JUN) phosphorylation is stimulated by MAPK14 and inhibited by MAPK12, leading to distinct AP-1 regulation. MAPK12 is required for the normal kinetochore localization of PLK1, preventing chromosomal instability and supporting mitotic cell viability. MAPK12 signaling positively regulates the expansion of transient amplifying myogenic precursor cells during muscle growth and regeneration.
MAPK12 is also known as ERK-6, ERK3, ERK6, MAPK 12, P38GAMMA, PRKM12, SAPK-3, SAPK3.
