MAPK1
Description
The MAPK1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 22.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK 1), also known as ERK2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases, also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. The activation of this kinase requires its phosphorylation by upstream kinases. Upon activation, this kinase translocates to the nucleus of the stimulated cells, where it phosphorylates nuclear targets. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein, but differing in the UTRs, have been reported for this gene. MAPK1 contains multiple amino acid sites that are phosphorylated and ubiquitinated. Mutations in MAPK1 are implicated in many types of cancer.
MAPK1 (also known as ERK2) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a crucial role in the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. It acts alongside MAPK3/ERK1, mediating various biological functions like cell growth, adhesion, survival, and differentiation. This is achieved by regulating transcription, translation, and cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade also regulates meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells. MAPK1 phosphorylates a wide range of substrates, including transcription factors, cytoskeletal components, apoptosis regulators, translation regulators, and other signaling molecules. These substrates are found in the nucleus, cytosol, and other cellular organelles, affecting diverse cellular processes. Notably, MAPK1 is involved in the regulation of endosomal dynamics, including lysosome processing and endosome cycling. It also participates in the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus during mitosis. MAPK1 interacts with a variety of other proteins, including upstream activators and downstream substrates. MAPK1 is crucial for signal transduction, influencing numerous cellular processes and contributing to overall cellular function.
MAPK1 is also known as ERK, ERK-2, ERK2, ERT1, MAPK2, NS13, P42MAPK, PRKM1, PRKM2, p38, p40, p41, p41mapk, p42-MAPK.
