LYPLAL1
Description
The LYPLAL1 (lysophospholipase like 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
LYPLAL1 is a protein encoded by the LYPLAL1 gene in humans. It is an α/β-hydrolase with an unclear metabolic function. Studies have linked the gene to fat distribution and waist-to-hip ratio. LYPLAL1 has been suggested to act as a triglyceride lipase in adipose tissue and to depalmitoylate calcium-activated potassium channels, but further research has shown that it does not depalmitoylate Ras and is actually an esterase that prefers short-chain substrates. While structural similarities suggest potential deacetylase activity, this remains experimentally untested. LYPLAL1 is closely related to acyl-protein thioesterases, but its substrate specificity is different due to a closed hydrophobic substrate binding tunnel.
LYPLAL1 is a palmitoyl thioesterase that removes palmitate groups from proteins. It has been shown to depalmitoylate CGAS and KCNMA1, which are involved in innate immunity and potassium channel activity, respectively. LYPLAL1 prevents CGAS from forming dimers and activating cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, thus regulating innate immunity. However, LYPLAL1 does not exhibit phospholipase or triacylglycerol lipase activity. Its shallow active site limits its ability to hydrolyze only short-chain substrates.
LYPLAL1 is also known as Q96AV0.
