LYPLA1
Description
The LYPLA1 (lysophospholipase 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 8.
Acyl-protein thioesterase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LYPLA1 gene. Lysophospholipases are enzymes that act on biological membranes to regulate the multifunctional lysophospholipids. The protein encoded by this gene hydrolyzes lysophosphatidylcholine in both monomeric and micellar forms. The use of alternate polyadenylation sites has been found for this gene. There are alternatively spliced transcript variants described for this gene but the full length nature is not known yet.
LYPLA1 acts as an acyl-protein thioesterase, hydrolyzing fatty acids from S-acylated cysteine residues in proteins like trimeric G alpha proteins and HRAS. It also functions as a palmitoyl thioesterase, catalyzing depalmitoylation of proteins such as ADRB2, KCNMA1, and SQSTM1. Notably, LYPLA1 negatively regulates autophagy by mediating palmitoylation of SQSTM1, reducing its affinity for ATG8 proteins and the recruitment of ubiquitinated cargo proteins to autophagosomes. As a lysophospholipase, LYPLA1 hydrolyzes lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC), as well as lysophosphatidylethanolamine (lyso-PE), lysophosphatidylinositol (lyso-PI), and lysophosphatidylserine (lyso-PS). Its thioesterase activity is significantly higher than its lysophospholipase activity. During blood coagulation, LYPLA1 contributes to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) production by cleaving plasma phospholipids, generating lysophospholipids that serve as substrates for ENPP2 to produce LPA.
LYPLA1 is also known as APT-1, APT1, LPL-I, LPL1, hAPT1.
Associated Diseases
- X-linked retinal dysplasia
- severe early-childhood-onset retinal dystrophy
- X-linked retinoschisis
- Huntington disease
- coloboma of optic nerve
- cancer
- pachyonychia congenita
- type 2 diabetes mellitus
- lung cancer
