LYAR

Description

The LYAR (Ly1 antibody reactive) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 4.

LYAR is a protein encoded by the LYAR gene in humans. It contains a zinc finger motif and three nuclear localization signals, leading to its primary localization in the nucleoli. LYAR is highly expressed in early embryos and preferentially in the liver and fetal thymus. It plays a significant role in regulating cell growth and is involved in the processing of ribosomal RNA precursors.

LYAR plays a crucial role in the proper processing of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) precursors, converting 47S/45S pre-rRNA into 32S/30S pre-rRNAs and ultimately producing 18S and 28S rRNAs. It also functions as a transcriptional regulator. In conjunction with PRMT5, LYAR binds to the gamma-globin (HBG1/HBG2) promoter and suppresses its expression. Additionally, in neuroblastoma cells, LYAR may repress the expression of genes associated with oxidative stress, including CHAC1, HMOX1, SLC7A11, ULBP1, and SNORD41, which encodes a small nucleolar RNA. LYAR preferentially binds to a DNA motif containing 5'-GGTTAT-3'. It negatively regulates the antiviral innate immune response by targeting IRF3 and inhibiting its DNA-binding activity. Furthermore, LYAR inhibits NF-kappa-B-mediated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. LYAR is involved in stimulating phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments by retinal pigment epithelial cells. It prevents the self-cleavage of nucleolin/NCL, maintaining a normal steady-state level of NCL protein in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which is essential for ESC self-renewal. LYAR interacts directly with PRMT5, GNL2, and RPL23A. It also interacts directly with nucleolin/NCL, and this interaction impairs IRF3's DNA-binding activity.

LYAR is also known as ZC2HC2, ZLYAR.

Associated Diseases

WES Whole Exome Sequencing