IRS1
Description
The IRS1 (insulin receptor substrate 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 2.
IRS1 is a crucial signaling protein involved in transmitting signals from the insulin and IGF-1 receptors to intracellular pathways. This 131 kDa protein, containing a PH domain and a PTB domain, is essential for activating PI3K/Akt and Erk MAP kinase pathways. It is homologous to the chico protein in Drosophila, which, when disrupted, extends lifespan. Similarly, IRS1 mutant mice exhibit life extension and delayed aging pathologies.
IRS1 plays a crucial role in regulating various cellular processes in response to insulin. Upon phosphorylation by the insulin receptor, IRS1 binds specifically to proteins containing SH2 domains, including the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and GRB2. This interaction activates PI3K, which is essential for insulin signaling.
IRS1 is also known as HIRS-1.
