IRF1

Description

The IRF1 (interferon regulatory factor 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 5.

Interferon regulatory factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRF1 gene.

== Function == Interferon regulatory factor 1 was the first member of the interferon regulatory transcription factor (IRF) family identified. Initially described as a transcription factor able to activate expression of the cytokine Interferon beta, IRF-1 was subsequently shown to function as a transcriptional activator or repressor of a variety of target genes. IRF-1 regulates expression of target genes by binding to an interferon stimulated response element (ISRE) in their promoters. The IRF-1 protein binds to the ISRE via an N-terminal helix-turn-helix DNA binding domain, which is highly conserved among all IRF proteins. Beyond its function as a transcription factor, IRF-1 has also been shown to trans-activate the tumour suppressor protein p53 through the recruitment of its co-factor p300. IRF-1 has been shown to play roles in the immune response, regulating apoptosis, DNA damage and tumor suppression.

== Regulation == It has been shown that the extreme C-terminus of IRF-1 regulates its ability to activate transcription, nanobodies targeting this domain (MF1) are able to increase IRF-1 activity.

== Interactions == IRF1 has been shown to interact with:

CHIP GAGE HSP70 / HSP90 IRF8 KPNA2 MYD88 PCAF STAT1 TAT VEGFR2 REDD2

== See also == IRF2 Interferon regulatory factors

== References ==

== Further reading ==

== External links ==

IRF1+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) FactorBook IRF1 This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

IRF1 is a transcriptional regulator with a broad range of functions in regulating cellular responses. It controls the expression of interferon (IFN) and IFN-inducible genes, playing a key role in the host's response to viral and bacterial infections. IRF1 also influences various cellular processes, including hematopoiesis, inflammation, immune responses, cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell cycle regulation. In response to DNA damage, IRF1 triggers growth arrest and programmed cell death. IRF1 stimulates both innate and acquired immune responses by activating specific target genes and can function as both a transcriptional activator and repressor. It binds to an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in the promoters of its target genes to regulate their transcription. IRF1 also competes with the transcriptional repressor ZBED2 for binding to common consensus sequences in gene promoters. IRF1 activates the expression of genes involved in antiviral responses, such as IFN-alpha/beta, RIGI, TNFSF10/TRAIL, ZBP1, OAS1/2, PIAS1/GBP, EIF2AK2/PKR, and RSAD2/viperin; antibacterial responses, such as GBP2, GBP5, and NOS2/INOS; anti-proliferative responses, such as p53/TP53, LOX, and CDKN1A; apoptosis, such as BBC3/PUMA, CASP1, CASP7, and CASP8; immune responses, such as IL7, IL12A/B, and IL15, PTGS2/COX2, and CYBB; DNA damage responses and DNA repair, such as POLQ/POLH; MHC class I expression, such as TAP1, PSMB9/LMP2, PSME1/PA28A, PSME2/PA28B, and B2M; MHC class II expression, such as CIITA; and metabolic enzymes, such as ACOD1/IRG1. Conversely, IRF1 represses genes involved in anti-proliferative responses, such as BIRC5/survivin, CCNB1, CCNE1, CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4, and in immune responses, such as FOXP3, IL4, ANXA2, and TLR4. IRF1 enhances p53/TP53-dependent transcription by increasing the recruitment of EP300, leading to enhanced acetylation of p53/TP53. IRF1 plays a significant role in immune responses, directly impacting NK cell maturation and activity, macrophage production of IL12, Th1 development, and the maturation of CD8+ T-cells. It is also implicated in dendritic cell differentiation and maturation, as well as the suppression of regulatory T (Treg) cell development. IRF1 acts as a tumor suppressor, not only by inhibiting tumor cell growth but also by stimulating an immune response against tumor cells. IRF1 exists as a monomer and homodimer. It interacts with EP300, MYD88, PIAS3, and SPOP.

IRF1 is also known as IMD117, IRF-1, MAR.

Associated Diseases

WES Whole Exome Sequencing

Clinical Exome Sequencing