IL36B
Description
The IL36B (interleukin 36 beta) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 2.
Interleukin-36 beta, also known as interleukin-1 family member 8 (IL1F8), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL36B gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. Protein structure modeling indicated that this cytokine may contain a 12-stranded beta-trefoil structure that is conserved between IL1A (IL-A alpha) and IL1B (IL-1 beta). This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.
IL36B (Interleukin-36 beta) is a cytokine that binds to and activates the IL1RL2/IL-36R receptor. This activation triggers NF-kappa-B and MAPK signaling pathways in target cells, leading to a pro-inflammatory response. IL36B is part of the IL-36 signaling system, which is believed to be present in epithelial barriers and participate in local inflammatory responses. It shares the coreceptor IL1RAP with the IL-1 system. IL36B stimulates the production of IL-6 and IL-8 in various cell types, including synovial fibroblasts, articular chondrocytes, and mature adipocytes. It also induces the expression of antimicrobial peptides like beta-defensins 4 and 103, as well as matrix metalloproteases. IL36B is thought to play a role in skin inflammation by affecting keratinocytes, dendritic cells, and indirectly T-cells, leading to tissue infiltration, cell maturation, and cell proliferation. In cultured keratinocytes, IL36B induces the expression of chemokines (CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL2, CCL17, CCL22, CL20, CCL5, CCL2, CCL17, CCL22, CXCL8, CCL20, and CXCL1) and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-8, and IL-6).
IL36B is also known as FIL1, FIL1-(ETA), FIL1H, FILI-(ETA), IL-1F8, IL-1H2, IL1-ETA, IL1F8, IL1H2.
