IGF2 : insulin like growth factor 2
Title: Unraveling the Intriguing IGF2 Gene: A Key Player in Growth and Development
Description:
The IGF2 gene, located on chromosome 11, holds a critical role in shaping our growth and well-being. It provides the instructions for making a protein called insulin-like growth factor 2, which acts as a crucial regulator during fetal development. Studies have demonstrated its involvement in promoting cell growth and division across various tissues.
Role in Growth and Development:
During fetal development, IGF2 surges into action, playing a pivotal role in the remarkable growth spurt that transforms the embryo into a fully formed baby. However, its presence diminishes significantly after birth, signaling a shift in focus toward other growth regulators.
Genomic Imprinting: A Twist in Gene Expression:
Unlike most genes that inherit one active copy from each parent, IGF2 exhibits a unique pattern. Only the copy inherited from the father, known as the paternally inherited copy, remains active. The maternally inherited copy, on the other hand, remains dormant. This intriguing phenomenon is known as genomic imprinting.
Imprinting Center 1: The Orchestrator of Gene Activity:
A region of DNA known as imprinting center 1 (IC1) holds the reins of genomic imprinting for both IGF2 and another gene, H19, which is also involved in growth and development. IC1 undergoes a process called methylation, where small chemical groups (methyl groups) attach themselves to the DNA. This methylation acts as a molecular marker that distinguishes the parent of origin. Typically, IC1 methylation occurs exclusively on the paternally inherited copy of chromosome 11.
Associated Diseases:
Dysregulation of IGF2 imprinting has been implicated in several human diseases, including:
- Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: Characterized by overgrowth, organ enlargement, and an increased risk of childhood tumors
- Silver-Russell syndrome: Associated with growth restriction, feeding difficulties, and facial abnormalities
Did you Know ?
Studies have shown that the paternally inherited IGF2 copy contributes roughly 75% to total IGF2 expression, while the maternally inherited copy remains largely inactive. This imbalance highlights the significance of paternal imprinting in regulating IGF2 activity.
