IFNL2
Description
The IFNL2 (interferon lambda 2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 19.
IFNL2, also known as interleukin-28A (IL-28A) or cytokine Zcyto20, is a cytokine with antiviral, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities. It plays a crucial role in the antiviral host defense, primarily in epithelial tissues. IFNL2 acts as a ligand for the heterodimeric class II cytokine receptor, composed of IL10RB and IFNLR1. Upon receptor engagement, it activates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, leading to the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), which mediate the antiviral state. IFNL2 exhibits a restricted receptor distribution, limiting its targets and primarily activating epithelial cells due to the epithelial cell-specific expression of its receptor IFNLR1. While not essential for early virus-activated host defense in vaginal infections, IFNL2 plays a significant role in Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced antiviral defense. It is also crucial for antiviral immune defense in the intestinal epithelium. IFNL2 exerts an immunomodulatory effect by upregulating MHC class I antigen expression.
IFNL2 is also known as IFNL2a, IFNL3a, IL-28A, IL28A.
Associated Diseases
- COVID-19
- urinary bladder carcinoma
- immune deficiency, familial variable
- isolated hyperchlorhidrosis
- hearing loss-familial salivary gland insensitivity to aldosterone syndrome
- nail-patella syndrome
- cancer
